Laser cutting machines have become an essential tool for many makers, crafters, and small business owners. Their ability to accurately cut through a wide range of materials makes them extremely versatile. In this beginner's guide, we'll provide an overview of laser cutting machine CO2 - the most common and affordable type of laser cutter. Read on to learn how these machines work, what their capabilities are, and what you should look for when choosing one.

What is a CO2 Laser Cutter?

CO2 laser cutters use a focused beam of CO2 gas laser to cut through materials. They typically have 40-100 watts of power. The CO2 laser is well-absorbed by most plastics and organics, making it ideal for cutting, engraving, and etching these materials. Metals can also be cut with an assist from oxygen.

How Does a CO2 Laser Cutter Work?

A CO2 laser tube generates an infrared CO2 laser beam. This beam is focused through a series of mirrors or lenses onto the workpiece. The material absorbs the laser energy, which heats up a small area and melts or burns through the material. A computer controls the movement of the laser head while the laser is active to cut the desired pattern.

CO2 Laser Cutter Capabilities:

• Cut through wood, acrylic, leather, fabrics, cardboard, paper, cork, and some foams and rubbers up to 1/4" thick

• Engrave designs, logos, and text into the surface of the above materials

• Etch delicate patterns and artwork into wood, leather, and glass

• Cut metal when assisted by a constant stream of oxygen

• Handle small jobs in plastics, acrylics, and organic materials

What to Look for in a CO2 Laser Cutter:

• Laser Power - 40W is sufficient for light materials. Go with 60-80W to cut thicker and denser materials.
  

• Work Area Size - Consider the size of materials you want to cut. 12"x20" to 24"x36" is typical.

• Linear Motion System - High precision ball bearing rails offer smooth and accurate cutting.

• Precision - Look for position precision under 0.005" for clean cuts.

• Safety Features - Must have emergency stop buttons, lid locks, and fire prevention.

• Exhaust System - For fume extraction. Many have a blower, but some require external exhaust.

• Software - User-friendly software with design, editing, and layout tools.

Top Budget CO2 Laser Cutters:

• NEJE Master 2 Max - Affordable 40W laser with 12"x8" work area. Good for light materials.

• Atomstack P7 - 40W laser with 15"x15" work area. Includes exhaust fan and air assist. Excellent value.

• OMTech 50W - A step up with 50W of power and 20"x12" work area. Smooth sliding rails.

• Ten-High 40W - 40W laser cutter with fully enclosed 16"x12" work area. Reliable performance.

• CNCGEEK 40W - Great safety features and 32-bit motherboard. User-friendly operation.

CO2 laser cutters are versatile tools that can cut, engrave, and mark a wide variety of organic materials. Following this beginner's guide will give you a sense of what to expect from these machines. Consider power, work area size, precision, and safety features when choosing the best budget CO2 laser cutter for your needs. With the right laser cutter, you'll be ready to take your DIY projects and small business to the next level.